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Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of fibula flap in the repair of large segment of composite tissue defect in upper limb.Methods:From April, 2015 to June, 2019, 7 patients with large composite tissue defects in upper limbs were treated. All of them with various skin, vessel, nerve, tendon and other tissue defects. Repairing was well planned before surgery according to the type, location and size of defect. While in repairing of the bone and skin defect, fibula flap was taken from the shank and to repair the defects of nerve, tendon and vessels in upper limb. Regular followed-ups were made after surgery.Results:The 7 fibula flaps all survived. Postoperative follow-up ranged between 8 to 36 (averaged of 15) months. All the reconstructed limbs were in satisfactory appearance and function recovery. All the patients were able to manage their daily activities and live independently. The shape and function of donor sites were good. According to the Enneking system, the outcomes were graded as excellent in 4 cases and good in 3, with the average score was 25.9 points.Conclusion:Free grafting of vascularised fibula flap is especially feasible to be used in the repair of large bone tissue defect of upper limb. It repairs the defects of skin, vessel, nerve and tendon with the flap from a single donor site.
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Objective To observe the effects of baicalin on forms of hepatic tissue, liver apoptosis, mRNA expressions of iNOS, NF-κB and protein expression of Caspase-3 in rats with ischemia reperfusion injury; To discuss its mechanism of action.Methods The rat models of liver ischemia reperfusion were performed according to the Pringle's method. Rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group and baicalin group. Sham-operation group and model group were given normal saline for gavage, while baicalin group was given baicalin for gavage. Morphological characteristic was observed by HE staining. Hepatocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL. The mRNA expressions of iNOS and NF-κB were determined by RT-PCR. The protein expression of Caspase-3 was determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham-operation group, mRNA expressions of iNOS and NF-κB and the protein expression of Caspase-3 in the model group increased, as well as liver apoptosis rate (P<0.05,P<0.01); compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of iNOS and NF-κB and the protein expression of Caspase-3 in the baicalin group decreased, as well as liver apoptosis rate (P<0.05), and the hepatic lesion significantly improved in the baicalin group.Conclusion Baicalin can restrain Caspase-3 induced apoptosis by reducing the expressions of iNOS and NF-κB, with a purpose to realize the hepatoprotective effect for liver of rats with ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Objective To evaluate the expression of CD47 and calreticulin and their relationships with clini-copathologic features,prognosis in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas.Methods The expression of CD47 and calret-iculin was evaluated in 128 cases with infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas by means of immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between CD47 and other clinicopathologic factors as well as prognosis were analyzed.Results The expression level of CD47 in cancer nest was 81/128,which was lower than 106/128 in its adjacent normal epithelium (χ2 =12.400,P<0.05),but calreticulin expression was 50/128 and was higher in cancer nest(χ2 =21.510,P<0.05 ).In addition,the expression level of calreticulin had certain difference in different molecular subtype (χ2 =21.510,P<0.05),and an increased expression in Basal-like and Her-(2 +)/ER(-)subtypes.The expression level of CD47 was associated with tumor sizes,histological tumor grade and lymph node involvement(χ2 =11.400, 4.732,5.432,all P<0.05),and the expression level of calreticulin was associated with histological tumor grade and distant metastasis(χ2 =10.810,6.770,all P<0.05).The 5 -year survival rate of patients performed following-up was 68.37%.Univariate analysis indicated the survival rate in 5 years of high level CD47,calreticulin expression was higher than that of low level CD47,calreticulin expression(χ2 =5.231,13.069,all P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of CD47,calreticulin is associated with index of dysprognosis and survival rate in 5 years,so combined CD47 and calreticulin detect may be of prognostic value in patients with breast caner.
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Carboxysomes are extremely efficient microcompartments committed to CO2 fixation due to tailored CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). In cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, carboxysomes as organelle-like microbodies encapsulate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). Together with active inorganic carbon uptake transporters, carboxysomes accumulate HCO3(-) in the cytoplasm, leading to high efficiency of carbon fixation. Based on the elucidation of structures and functionalities, heterologous production of carboxysomes has been achieved so far. In fact, the genes encoding either vacant carboxysome shell or only interior components have been characterized. This review summarizes the discovery along with types, showcases molecular structures and roles of carboxysomes in CCM, and presents their broad applications in metabolic engineering.
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Biological Transport , Carbon , Metabolism , Carbon Cycle , Carbon Dioxide , Metabolism , Cyanobacteria , Metabolism , Metabolic EngineeringABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the evaluation of lymphatic emboli by D2-40/CKpan dual immunostain and its prognostic significance in advanced primary gastric adenocarcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples of 108 cases of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma with radical gastrectomy were collected from Chinese PLA General Hospital in 2001. Lymphatic emboli were evaluated by D2-40/CKpan dual immunostain on consecutive sections, and compared with routine HE staining. The correlation of lymphatic emboli with lymph node metastasis and overall survival was analyzed by Pearson Chi-squared test and univariate survival analysis, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lymphatic emboli were detected in 73/108 (67.6%) cases by D2-40/CKpan staining, compared to 57/108 (52.8%) by HE staining. There was significant difference (P=0.007). Lymphatic emboli on HE staining revealed false negative in 24/108 cases and false positive in 8/108 cases. A significant correlation was found between lymphatic emboli and lymph node metastasis on HE staining (P=0.024), while it was not found on D2-40/CKpan staining (P=0.422). The overall survival rate was significantly different between lymphatic emboli positive and negative cases on HE staining (P=0.043). The overall survival rate was lower in lymphatic emboli positive cases on HE staining. Lymphatic emboli evaluated on D2-40/CKpan staining had no prognostic value (P=0.402).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>D2-40/Ckpan dual immunostaining is more sensitive for lymphatic emboli in gastric adenocarcinoma but may not predict lymph node metastasis and survival, while HE staining may.</p>
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Humans , Gastrectomy , Lymphatic Metastasis , Lymphatic Vessels , Pathology , Prognosis , Stomach Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical pathological features of gastric cancer and to provide a basis for research and treatment of gastric cancer.Methods From 2001 to 2004,a total of 694 cases of gastric cancer with radical gastrectomy were collected.Gender,age,tumor location,tumor size,World Health Organization (WHO) histological type and grade,Lauren type,blood/lymphatic vessel invasion,lymph node metastasis,depth of tumor invasion (pT) and pathological TNM staging (pTNM) were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 694 gastric cancer cases,male to female ratio was 3.96∶ 1; a total of 644 cases (92.8％) were aged from 41 to 70,and cases aged from 51 to 70 had a high incidence of gastric cancer.The predilection site for gastric cancer was cardia (33.43％),antrum (28.96％) and the body (21.76％) accordingly.The common WHO histological types were tubular adenocarcinoma (70.32 ％) and signet ring cell carcinoma (24.50 ％).The common histological grades were Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅰ.The intestinal type was most common in Lauren classification,accounting for 58.93 ％; followed by the diffuse type,accounting for 22.33 ％.Blood/lymphatic vessel invasion was detected in 438 cases (63.11％),lymphnode metastasis in 504 cases (72.62％).A total of 319 cases (45.97％) were pT3 stage,241 cases (34.73％) were on pTNM Ⅲ stage.Conclusions In recent years,cardia and antrum are the predilection sites of gastric cancer.Tubular adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma are common which indicate that the mechanism of gastric cancer pathogenesis is varied.
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Objective To explore histopathological features of the atypical hyperplastie thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and to investigate its association with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods Thirty cases of HT with atypical hyperplastie TEC and 50 cases of PTC were selected from archives, the comparatively normal follicles around thyroid adenoma and in HT served as eontroi group. The morphological changes in HT were observed and the expressions of CK19. PCNA, Bcl-2 were detected by Max-Vision immunohistochemistry techniques. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results The atypical hyperplastic TEC in HT showed some PTC-like features such as crowded cells, nucleus enlargement and ground glass appearance in the nucleus. As compared to the control, CKI9, PCNA and Bcl-2 were positively expressed in both atypical hyperplastic TEC in HT and PTC cells (P<0.05). Conclusion The atypical hyperplastic TEC in HT showed some morphological and immunological features of PTC, with the PTC specific marker CK19 expression,suggesting that the atypical hyperplastic TEC in HT may link HT with PTC, leading to malignant transformation,which should be closely watched.